小冰期时中国南方地区降水模式的差异研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

肖思雅  李廷勇  陈朝军  黄冉  王涛  吴尧  徐玉珍  邱海英  黄洋阳  李俊云 《地质论评》2021,67(1):56-67

小冰期是过去一千年中全球气候变化的重要事件之一。关于小冰期时中国季风区和西风影响区气候变化的对比研究众多,但是缺乏中国南方地区降水模式时空差异的研究,难以了解中国南方地区降水变化规律。为了系统地了解小冰期时中国南方地区降水的复杂性,本文将中国南方地区划分为东南—华南沿海地区、中部地区以及西南地区三个区域,总共选取了19条高分辨率的古气候记录进行对比研究,主要有以下几点认识:(1)相对于中世纪暖期而言,小冰期期间中国南方东南—华南沿海地区的气候偏湿,这可能与雨带在中国南方的滞留时间延长和沿海地区受台风的影响增强有关。(2)中国中部地区秦岭南麓和神农架高山林区在小冰期时期主要呈"冷湿"的模式,差异在于秦岭南麓区域主要在小冰期中后期偏湿,这与中部其他区域偏"冷干"的模式不同。这种区域差异可能是由于地形地势和大气环流的复杂性导致。(3)中国西南地区受印度夏季风和东亚夏季风的共同影响,且该区域地形复杂,其气候变化在小冰期时期存在更加明显的空间差异,没有呈现出比较一致的降水模式。与小冰期期间的降水变化不同的是,近30年东南—华南沿海地区除了台湾和雷州半岛,其他区域降水明显减少,可能受气温和人类活动等因素的影响。通过结合高分辨率的古气候记录,我们系统分析了中国南方小冰期的干湿模式在时空上的差异及其可能的影响因子,这对于认识小冰期时中国南方不同区域降水的复杂性及未来旱涝灾害的防控具有一定意义。  相似文献   

Unveiling buried aeolian landscapes: reconstructing a late Holocene dune environment using 3D ground-penetrating radar     

Luis Rees-Hughes  Natasha L. M. Barlow  Adam D. Booth  Landis J. West  George Tuckwell  Tim Grossey 《第四纪科学杂志》2021,36(3):377-390

Across the UK, sandy beaches and dunes protect coastal infrastructure from waves and extreme water levels during large-scale storms, while providing important habitats and recreational opportunities. Understanding their long-term evolution is vital in managing their condition in a changing climate. Recently, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) methods have grown in popularity in geomorphological applications, yielding centimetre-scale resolution images of near-surface stratigraphy and structure, thus allowing landscape evolution to be reconstructed. Additionally, abrupt changes in palaeo-environments can be visualized in three dimensions. Although often complemented by core data, GPR allows interpretations to be extended into areas with minimal ground-truth control. Nonetheless, GPR data interpretation can be non-intuitive and ambiguous, and radargrams may not initially resemble the expected subsurface geometry. Interpretation can be made yet more onerous when handling the large 3D data volumes that are facilitated with modern GPR technology. Here we describe the development of novel semi-automated GPR feature-extraction tools, based on ‘edge detection’ and ‘thresholding’ methods, which detect regions of increased GPR reflectivity which can be applied to aid in the reconstruction of a range Quaternary landscapes. Since reflectivity can be related to lithological and/or pore fluid changes, the 3D architecture of the palaeo-landscape can be reconstructed from the features extracted from a geophysical dataset. We present 500 MHz GPR data collected over a buried Holocene coastal dune system in North Wales, UK, now reclaimed for use as an airfield. Core data from the site, reaching a maximum depth 2 m, suggest rapid vertical changes from sand to silty-organic units, and GPR profiles suggest similar lateral complexity. By applying thresholding methods to GPR depth slices, these lateral complexities are effectively and automatically mapped. Furthermore, automatic extraction of the local reflection power yields a strong correlation with the depth variation of organic content, suggesting it is a cause of reflectivity contrast. GPR-interpolated analyses away from core control thus offer a powerful proxy for parameters derived from invasive core logging. The GPR data collected at Llanbedr airfield highlight a complex dune system to a depth of 2.8 m, probably deposited in several phases over ~700 years, similar to elsewhere in North Wales.  相似文献   

Geoarchaeological evidence on a Late Bronze Age earthquake,Ohrid Basin (North Macedonia)     

J. Hošek  M. Verčík  P. Pokorný  J. Beneš  V. Komárková  T. Radoměřský  N. Atanasoska  V. Todoroska  P. Ardjanliev 《第四纪科学杂志》2021,36(6):1003-1012

Geoarchaeological investigations on the northeastern shore of Lake Ohrid revealed 3.5 m thick deepwater lacustrine sediments overlying terrestrial vegetation macrofossils, worked wood and abundant potsherds dated to the Late Bronze Age (LBA). Distinct contact of deepwater sediment with the sub-aerial weathered limestone bedrock point to a sudden increase in lake level. According to radiocarbon data, catastrophic flooding occurred shortly after 1214 yr bc. Because the area is located in a highly active seismic zone, we propose that this event was caused by tectonically induced, metre-scale coseismic subsidence related to faults bordering the Ohrid alluvial plain. Moreover, this event coincides well with a dramatic switch in the habitation and settlement strategy in the region. More important, however, is the finding that the age of the proposed massive tectonic event and change in habitation lies within the interval of the proposed ‘earthquake storm’ in the eastern Mediterranean dated to 1225–1175 bc. As the Ohrid-Korça zone belongs to the same tectonic province, a relationship between the abovementioned earthquakes and the proposed event can be expected. This research therefore might provide the first direct evidence of a large-scale earthquake event linkable to the LBA collapse of Europe's first urban civilisation in the Aegean.  相似文献   

Issues in the absolute chronology of the Early–Middle Bronze Age transition in Sicily and southern Italy: a Bayesian radiocarbon view     

GIANMARCO ALBERTI 《第四纪科学杂志》2013,28(6):630-640

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Poor fen succession over ombrotrophic peat related to late Holocene increased surface wetness in subarctic Quebec,Canada     

MICHELLE GARNEAU  ALEXANDRE LAMARRE  ÉLISABETH C. ROBERT  GABRIEL MAGNAN  HANS ASNONG  STEVE PRATTE 《第四纪科学杂志》2013,28(8):748-760

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皖苏若干新生代火山岩的钾氩年龄和铅锶同位素特征   总被引：20，自引：4，他引：20  

陈道公  彭子成 《岩石学报》1988,4(2)

根据皖苏地区16个新生代玄武质火山岩的K-Ar年龄结果,认为该区新生代火山活动可以分为老第三纪(65—35Ma,主要在安徽),中新世(16—8Ma,主要在江苏)和更新世(0.6Ma,安徽女山)三期。玄武岩的铅锶同位素组成表明它们反映了其地幔岩浆源区的特征,及源区的不均一性,它们可能分别来源于比较原始的地幔和比较亏损的地幔,并有一定的混合和近期的富集作用。  相似文献   

沂沭断裂带断层泥中 K-Ar、FT 和 TL 体系年代学含义的初步研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

陈文寄  计凤桔  李齐  李大明  王庆隆  王昕 《地震地质》1988,10(4):191

本文报道了利用K-Ar法、TL法和FT法,分别测定断层泥中1Md伊利石(<1μ粒级组份)、石英(2-10μ粒级组份)和磷灰石单矿物的年龄结果;给出了沂沭断裂带三次强烈活动的年龄区间及强度逐渐减弱的变化趋势。首先提出了利用这三种测年手段,测定断层泥中三种不同物质的年龄,进而研究断层活动(强度和时间)的新方法  相似文献   

裂变径迹定年标准化的研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

王世成  康铁笙 《地质科学》1994,29(1):78-84

用钴活化箔对SRM962标准铀玻璃进行了刻度,并比较了用钴活化范和用经过刻度的标准铀玻璃测量中子注量的定年方法,结果表明后者的定年结果优于前者,两者都有正系统偏差。利用磷灰石、结石和榍石的7种年龄标准样品和SRM962标准铀玻璃进行多次刻度,发现3种年龄标准矿物的Zeta常数基本一致,为327.4±7.8(±2σ).  相似文献   

成矿模式研究的几个问题   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

朱裕生  梅燕雄 《地球学报》1995,16(2):182-189

成矿模式是当代矿床学研究的重要内容和发展方向，是矿床地质科学在描述性基础上发展到高度理论性的必然产物。成矿模式是在区域成矿学研究和典型矿床研究的基础上建立的，它不仅有助于人们深化对矿床特征和矿床成因的认识，而且对矿产预测和勘查工作具有日益重要的指导作用。作者根据成矿模式的概念和研究成果，提出了新的矿床分类设想，并就成矿模式与成矿系列的关系等问题进行了有益的探讨。  相似文献   

鄂北地区碱性岩的时代及成因   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7  

李石 《岩石学报》1991,7(3):27-36

产于鄂北的花山寨、观子山、杀熊洞和庙垭四个碱性岩体,其K-Ar、U-Pb和Rb-Sr同位素年龄值为215～306Ma,成岩时代属海西—印支期。根据~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr初始值,杀熊洞岩体(0.7032)和庙垭岩体(0.7029)的成岩物资来源于上地幔,观子山岩体(0.7041)的成岩物质属幔壳混源型,但仍以幔源为主,花山寨岩体(0.7092)的成岩物质则主要来源于下地壳。  相似文献